The Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) measurements describe hourly observations from aircraft across the world during all stages of flight. The observations cumulate into 160,000 reports a day, giving measurements of parameters such as aircraft characteristics, wind speed and direction, degree of turbulence, and air temperature. The data are collected by observation stations worldwide and transmitted within the AMDAR message, which prior to March 1992, was known as ASDAR(Aircraft to Satellite Data Relay).

The data consists of a CSV file of mean sea level pressure (MSLP, in hPa), 1.25 m temperature (in celsius), 10 m wind speed (in knots), 10 m wind direction (in degrees), and relative humidity (in percent) measured at Signy Station (Latitude 60 degress 43''0"S, Longitude 45 degrees 36''0"W) for the period of 1947 - 1994. These data were used by Lu et al. (2023) to study extreme high temperature events in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs). Funding was provided by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to the Atmosphere, Ice and Climate Programme of British Antarctic Survey (BAS), NERC National Capability International grant SURface FluxEs In AnTarctica (NE/X009319/1) and the European Union''s Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework programme under Grant agreement no. 101003590 (PolarRES).